A haƙiƙanin ƙaƙƙarfan billet ɗin ƙarfe daga injin niƙa samfuran ne kawai waɗanda ba a gama su ba, kuma dole ne a yi birgima a cikin injin ɗin kafin su zama ƙwararrun samfuran ƙarfe.Juyawa mai zafi da mirgina sanyi matakai biyu ne na mirgina gama gari.Nadi na karfe yana da zafi mai zafi, kuma ana amfani da shi mai sanyi don samar da ƙananan sassa da zanen gado.Wadannan su ne na yau da kullun na sanyi-birgima da na'ura mai zafi: Waya: 5.5-40 mm a diamita, nade, duk mai zafi.Bayan zane mai sanyi, nasa ne na kayan zana sanyi.Ƙarfe mai zagaye: Baya ga kayan da ke da haske tare da ma'auni daidai, ana jujjuya shi gabaɗaya, kuma akwai kayan ƙirƙira (ƙirƙirar alamomi a saman).Karfe mai tsiri: duka mai zafi da mai sanyi, da kayan da aka yi da sanyi gabaɗaya sun fi sirara.Farantin karfe: faranti mai sanyi gabaɗaya sun fi sirara, kamar faranti na mota;akwai faranti masu zafi da yawa da masu nauyi, masu kauri iri ɗaya da na sanyi, kuma ba shakka kamanninsu ya bambanta.Angle karfe: duk zafi birgima.Bututun Karfe: Dukansu mai zafi-birgima da mai sanyi suna samuwa.Channel karfe da H-beam: zafi birgima.Ƙarfafa mashaya: kayan birgima mai zafi.
Dukansu mirgina mai zafi da sanyi sune matakai don ƙirƙirar faranti na ƙarfe ko bayanan martaba, kuma suna da babban tasiri akan tsari da kaddarorin ƙarfe.Mirgina karfe ya dogara ne akan zafi mai zafi, kuma ana amfani da mirgina sanyi kawai don samar da ƙananan sassa da zanen gado tare da madaidaicin girma.Matsakaicin zafin mirgina mai zafi gabaɗaya shine 800 zuwa 900 ° C, sannan ana sanyaya shi gabaɗaya a cikin iska, don haka yanayin mirgina mai zafi yayi daidai da daidaita jiyya.Yawancin karafa ana birgima ne ta hanyar mirgina mai zafi.Saboda yawan zafin jiki, ƙarfen da aka kawo a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi yana da ma'aunin ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe a saman, don haka yana da wasu juriya na lalata kuma ana iya adana shi a cikin sararin samaniya.Duk da haka, wannan sikelin sikelin baƙin ƙarfe oxide kuma yana sa saman karfen da aka yi birgima mai zafi kuma girman yana canzawa sosai.Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar ƙarfe mai santsi, daidaitaccen girman da kyawawan kaddarorin injina, kuma ana amfani da samfuran da aka kammala da zafi mai zafi ko samfuran da aka gama azaman albarkatun ƙasa don samar da mirgina sanyi.Abũbuwan amfãni: saurin samar da sauri, babban fitarwa, kuma babu lalacewa ga sutura, za a iya sanya shi cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na giciye don saduwa da bukatun yanayin amfani;Mirgina sanyi na iya haifar da babban nakasar filastik na karfe, don haka inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa.Hasara: 1. Ko da yake babu zafi filastik matsawa a lokacin kafa tsari, har yanzu akwai sauran damuwa a cikin sashe, wanda ba makawa zai shafi gaba ɗaya da na gida buckling halaye na karfe;2. Sashin ƙarfe mai sanyi-birgima gabaɗaya yanki ne mai buɗewa, yana mai da sashin kyauta.Taurin kai yayi ƙasa.Yana da wuya a torsion a lokacin lankwasawa, kuma lankwasawa-torsional buckling yana yiwuwa ya faru a lokacin matsawa, da kuma aikin torsional ba shi da kyau;3. Kaurin bango na sanyi mai birgima karfe yana da karami, kuma ba a kauri a sasanninta inda aka haɗa faranti ba, don haka yana iya jure damuwa na gida.Ikon tattara kaya yana da rauni.Cold Rolling Cold mirgina yana nufin hanyar mirgina don canza siffar karfe ta hanyar fitar da karfe tare da matsa lamba na nadi a dakin da zafin jiki.Duk da cewa sarrafa shi ma yana dumama takardar karfen, har yanzu ana kiransa da sanyi.Musamman, ana amfani da coil ɗin ƙarfe mai zafi don jujjuyawar sanyi azaman ɗanyen abu, kuma ana cire sikelin oxide ta hanyar tsinkaya, sannan a aiwatar da sarrafa matsa lamba, kuma samfurin da aka gama shine naɗa mai wuya.Gabaɗaya, karfen da aka yi birgima mai sanyi kamar ƙarfe na galvanized da farantin karfe mai launi dole ne a goge shi, don haka filastik da elongation shima yana da kyau, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin motoci, kayan aikin gida, hardware da sauran masana'antu.Fuskar takardar da aka yi da sanyi yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan na santsi, kuma hannun yana jin daɗi sosai, galibi saboda pickling.Ƙarshen farfajiyar takarda mai zafi gabaɗaya baya cika buƙatun, don haka ɗigon ƙarfe mai zafi yana buƙatar yin birgima mai sanyi.Mafi ƙarancin zafi mai birgima karfen tsiri gabaɗaya 1.0mm, kuma ɗigon ƙarfe mai sanyi zai iya kaiwa 0.1mm.Motsi mai zafi yana juyi sama da ma'aunin zafin jiki, kuma mirgina sanyi yana juyi ƙasa da ma'aunin zafin jiki.Canjin siffar karfe ta hanyar mirgina sanyi na da ci gaba da nakasar sanyi, kuma taurin aikin sanyi da wannan tsari ya haifar yana ƙara ƙarfi, tauri da tauri da fihirisar filastik na nada mai wuya.Don ƙarshen amfani, mirgina sanyi yana lalata kaddarorin hatimi, kuma samfurin ya dace da sassa na nakasawa.Abũbuwan amfãni: Yana iya halakar da simintin gyaran kafa na ingot, tace hatsi na karfe, da kuma kawar da lahani na microstructure, sabõda haka, karfe tsarin ne mai yawa da kuma inji Properties an inganta.Wannan haɓakawa yana nunawa a cikin jujjuyawar shugabanci, ta yadda karfe ya daina zama jikin isotropic zuwa wani matsayi;kumfa, fasa da porosity da aka samar yayin simintin kuma za a iya walda su a ƙarƙashin aikin babban zafin jiki da matsa lamba.Hasara: 1. Bayan zafi mai jujjuyawa, abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba (musamman sulfide da oxides, da silicates) a cikin ƙarfe ana matse su cikin zanen gado na bakin ciki, kuma delamination yana faruwa.Delamination ƙwarai deteriorates da tensile Properties na karfe ta cikin kauri, kuma akwai yuwuwar interlaminar tearing kamar yadda weld shrins.Nau'in gida da ke haifar da raguwar walda yakan kai sau da yawa nau'in ma'aunin abin da ake samu, wanda ya fi girma fiye da nau'in da kaya ke haifarwa;2. Rage damuwa da ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa.Damuwa na saura shine damuwa na daidaitattun matakan kai na ciki ba tare da karfin waje ba.Sashin da aka yi birgima mai zafi na sassa daban-daban yana da irin wannan saura damuwa.Gabaɗaya, girman girman sashin sashin karfe, mafi girman ragowar damuwa.Kodayake saura danniya yana daidaita kansa, har yanzu yana da wani tasiri akan aikin memba na karfe a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin waje.Misali, yana iya yin illa ga nakasu, kwanciyar hankali, da juriyar gajiya.