Dukansu zafi mai zafi da mirgina sanyi sune farantin karfe ko bayanan martaba, suna da babban tasiri akan tsari da kaddarorin karfe.

Motsin ƙarfe galibi jujjuyawar zafi ne, sanyin birgima yawanci ana amfani da shi ne kawai don samar da ƙaramin ƙarfe da ƙaramin ƙarfe da sauran madaidaicin girman ƙarfe.

Juyin sanyi na gama gari da zafi na karfe:

Waya: 5.5-40 mm a diamita, coils, duk zafi birgima.Bayan zane mai sanyi, nasa ne na kayan zane mai sanyi.

Zagaye karfe: Bugu da kari ga daidaici girman da haske abu ne kullum zafi birgima, amma kuma ƙirƙira (surface burbushi na ƙirƙira).

Tatsin karfe: zafi birgima sanyi birgima, sanyi birgima gabaɗaya sirara.

Farantin karfe: farantin sanyi gabaɗaya sirara ce, kamar farantin mota;Hot mirgina matsakaici kauri farantin more, da sanyi mirgina irin wannan kauri, kamannin a fili ne daban-daban.

Angle karfe: duk zafi birgima.

Karfe tube: welded zafi birgima da sanyi ja.

Channel da H katako: zafi birgima.

Karfe mashaya: zafi birgima abu.

Zafafan birgima

Ta hanyar ma'anar, ingot na ƙarfe ko billet yana da wahala a gurɓata da sarrafawa a yanayin zafin ɗaki.An kullum mai tsanani zuwa 1100 ~ 1250 ℃ don mirgina.Ana kiran wannan tsarin birgima mai zafi.

A ƙarshe zazzabi na zafi mirgina ne kullum 800 ~ 900 ℃, sa'an nan shi ne kullum sanyaya a cikin iska, don haka zafi mirgina jihar ne daidai da normalizing jiyya.

Yawancin karfe ana mirgina da zafi mai zafi.Hot birgima karfe, saboda high zafin jiki, da surface na samuwar Layer na oxide takardar, don haka yana da wani lalata juriya, za a iya adana a cikin bude iska.

Duk da haka, wannan Layer na baƙin ƙarfe oxide kuma yana sa saman ƙarfe mai zafi na birgima kuma girmansa yana canzawa sosai, don haka karfe mai laushi mai laushi, daidaitaccen girman da kayan aikin injiniya ya kamata a yi amfani da shi azaman ɗanyen abu sannan a yi sanyi.

Amfani:

Samar da sauri, yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma kada ku lalata sutura, za'a iya sanya shi cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na giciye, don saduwa da bukatun yanayin amfani;Juyawa mai sanyi na iya haifar da babban nakasar filastik na karfe, don haka yana haɓaka ma'aunin ƙarfe.

Rashin hasara:

1. Ko da yake babu zafi filastik matsawa a cikin kafa tsari, har yanzu akwai sauran danniya a cikin sashe, wanda ba makawa zai shafi gaba ɗaya da na gida buckling Properties na karfe;

2. Sashin da aka yi sanyi yana buɗe sashe gabaɗaya, wanda ke sa ƙaƙƙarfan ɓarna na sashin ya ragu.Yana da sauƙi a murɗa idan an lanƙwasa, kuma yana da sauƙi a lanƙwasa da murɗa idan an danna shi, kuma juriya na rashin ƙarfi.

3. Kaurin bangon karfe mai siffa mai sanyi yana da ƙanƙanta, kuma babu wani kauri a kusurwar da farantin ya haɗa, don haka yana da rauni mai ƙarfi don ɗaukar nauyin tattarawar gida.

Sanyi birgima

Cold mirgina yana nufin hanyar mirgina na canza siffar karfe ta hanyar matse karfe a ƙarƙashin matsin abin abin nadi a zafin jiki.Ana kiransa yin birgima mai sanyi, kodayake tsarin kuma yana dumama karfe.Don ƙarin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun, mirgina sanyi yana amfani da naɗaɗɗen ƙarfe na ƙarfe mai zafi azaman kayan albarkatun ƙasa, waɗanda ake sarrafa su a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba bayan tsintar acid don cire ma'aunin oxide, kuma samfuran da aka gama ana naɗe su.

Gabaɗaya sanyi birgima karfe kamar galvanized, launi karfe farantin dole ne a annealed, don haka da plasticity da elongation ma da kyau, yadu amfani a mota, gida kayan, hardware da sauran masana'antu.Filayen farantin mai sanyi yana da ɗan santsi, kuma hannun yana jin santsi, musamman saboda tsinke.Ƙarshen farantin mai zafi mai zafi ba zai iya cika buƙatun ba, don haka ƙwanƙwasa mai zafi mai zafi yana buƙatar yin sanyi, kuma kauri mai zafi mai zafi yana da 1.0mm gabaɗaya, kuma sanyi mai birgima na karfe zai iya kaiwa 0.1mm. .Motsi mai zafi yana juyi sama da ma'aunin zafin jiki, mirgina sanyi yana juyi ƙasa da ma'aunin zafin jiki.

Canjin siffar karfe da ke haifar da mirgina sanyi na zuwa ci gaba da nakasar sanyi.Ƙunƙarar sanyi da wannan tsari ya haifar yana ƙara ƙarfi da taurin naɗaɗɗen nada mai wuya kuma yana rage tauri da fihirisar filastik.

Don ƙarshen amfani, mirgina sanyi yana lalata aikin hatimi kuma samfurin ya dace da sassan da suka lalace kawai.

Amfani:

Yana iya lalata tsarin simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe ingot, tace girman hatsin ƙarfe, da kawar da lahani na microstructure, ta yadda tsarin ƙarfe ya cika kuma an inganta kayan aikin injiniya.Wannan haɓakawa yana nunawa a cikin jagorar mirgina, ta yadda karfe ya daina isotropic zuwa wani ɗan lokaci.Kumfa, fasa da sako-sako da aka samu yayin yin simintin gyare-gyare kuma ana iya walda su ƙarƙashin matsanancin zafin jiki da matsa lamba.

Rashin hasara:

1. Bayan zafi mai zafi, abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba (yawanci sulfides da oxides, da silicates) a cikin karfe suna laminated da kuma layi.Delamination yana ɓata ƙaƙƙarfan kaddarorin ƙarfe na ƙarfe tare da kauri kuma yana iya haifar da tsagewar interlaminar yayin raguwar walda.Matsalolin gida da ke haifar da raguwar walda galibi sau da yawa na nau'in ma'aunin yawan amfanin ƙasa, wanda ya fi girma fiye da abin da kaya ke haifarwa.

2. Rage damuwa da ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa.Ragowar damuwa shine damuwa ma'auni na kai-tsaye na ciki ba tare da ƙarfin waje ba.Kowane irin zafi birgima sashe karfe suna da irin wannan saura danniya.Mafi girman girman sashin sashin ƙarfe na gaba ɗaya shine, mafi girman ragowar damuwa shine.Ko da yake saura danniya shine ma'auni na kai-tsaye, yana da wani tasiri akan aikin memba na karfe a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin waje.Irin su nakasawa, kwanciyar hankali, juriya ga gajiya da sauran al'amura na iya haifar da illa.

Ƙarshe:

Bambanci tsakanin mirgina sanyi da zafi mai zafi shine galibi yanayin yanayin mirgina."sanyi" yana nuna zafin jiki na al'ada, kuma "zafi" yana nuna yawan zafin jiki.

Daga ra'ayi na ƙarfe, iyaka tsakanin mirgina sanyi da zafi mai zafi yakamata a bambanta ta zazzabi recrystallization.Wato mirginawar da ke ƙasa da zafin jiki na recrystallization yana jujjuyawar sanyi, kuma jujjuyawa sama da zazzabi na recrystallization yana jujjuyawa mai zafi.A recrystalization zafin jiki na karfe ne 450 ~ 600 ℃.